Use the first line of aquaculture experience to boost fisheries development and boost industry benefits

　　China's aquatic resources are very rich, with many types and wide distribution. There are more than 700 species of main marine economic animals and plants. The freshwater aquatic resources are mainly fish, with about 40 species. There are also a large number of shrimps, crabs and shellfish, as well as turtles and mites. Aquatic economic plants have amaranth and the like. These marine and freshwater economic animals and plants, as raw materials for aquaculture food processing, are limited to a large number of varieties, and there are only a few dozen in total.

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　　Fish Fish is a member of the vertebrate phylum. Whether it is marine fish or freshwater fish, its protein content in the muscle is very rich, it is comparable to livestock and poultry meat, and the fat content is less, the muscle tissue is soft and loose, easy to digest and absorb, and also rich in minerals. And vitamins. However, the fish has more water content, the fish skin is thinner, and the scales are easy to fall off. During the fishing and transportation process, the body is extremely vulnerable to damage. In addition, the mucus on the surface of the fish is an excellent medium for bacteria and bacteria attached to the body surface. Invading the fish from the trauma, or entering the body from the sputum, the eye mask, the mouth and other parts, and mass reproduction, the fish meat is gradually corrupted, and the enzyme activity of the fish body is stronger, which accelerates the process of corruption. The water content of the fish has a certain relationship with the fat content. According to the level of fat, fish can be divided into less fat fish (fat content below 1%), medium fat fish (1 ~ 5%), fatty fish (5 ~ 15%), special fatty fish Class (15% or more) four types. Generally, fish with low fat content have high water content. Freshwater fish generally have lower fat content than marine fish and are therefore more susceptible to corruption. Therefore, the methods and methods for processing freshwater fish are not the same as those for marine fish. Fish can be processed not only by fish, but also by fish eggs, fish gills, fins, etc., which can be processed into caviar, fish belly, shark fin and other special foods. Fish waste can also be processed into fish meal and fish sauce.

　　Shrimp Shrimp is a member of the arthropod door crustacean. The main chemical components of shrimp muscle are similar to those of fish. The protein is slightly higher than ordinary fish, rich in inorganic salts, high in calcium, phosphorus and glycogen, but less fat, more water, and more susceptible to spoilage than fish. Need to refrigerate and keep fresh in time. Shrimp individuals are small and easy to dry, and are most suitable for processing into dried products such as shrimp and shrimp. Shrimp body surface shell contains 10 to 25% of chitin, which can be used as a raw material for wood cement and rayon after chemical treatment.

　　Crabs Crabs are part of the arthropods. The main chemical components of crab muscles are similar to those of shrimps. The inorganic salts contain higher levels of calcium and phosphorus, especially calcium. Crabs have a particularly high carbohydrate content and are richer in fat than shrimp and fish. Because crabs have a large water content, like rot, and high gastrointestinal filling, they are more susceptible to spoilage and deterioration than fish. They need to be refrigerated and preserved in time. In addition to processing into frozen products, they can be processed into unique drunk crabs. , crab sauce and other flavor foods. Similarly, the shell of the crab body also contains chitin, which can be widely used as a raw material for textile, printing and dyeing, wood and other industries. Shellfish Shellfish belong to the mollusk door and the genus. The protein and fat content in the shellfish muscle is slightly lower than that of the fish, but the vitamin and inorganic salts are rich in content, the glycogen content is high, and the amino acid content required by the human body is high. Therefore, many shellfish have a nourishing effect. Shellfish have high water content, are prone to spoilage and deterioration, and need to be refrigerated and preserved in time. Due to the small size of the individual, it is best to process into a variety of dry products, such as scallops, mussels and so on. Shellfish not only have edible value, but also medicinal value, such as abalone shells and pearls, etc. are valuable Chinese herbal medicines. In addition, the outer shell of shellfish contains a large amount of calcium carbonate, and the shell powder processed from shells can be used not only as a raw material for industrial production of calcium carbonate, but also as a supplementary feed for fertilizer and livestock raising. Some shellfish such as pearl shells, sails, pleated crowns, etc. can be cultivated through inserts as a medicinal raw material or used for export.

　　Squid Squid is a member of the mollusk. The squid is rich in nutritional value and is a high-protein food. It is also a valuable tonic. It has the functions of nourishing blood and nourishing yin and benefiting stomach. The squid is mostly processed for dry and dry products. The raw and dried products processed by the squid, commonly known as dried squid, dried and dried squid, commonly known as dried squid, are famous sea treasures. In addition, the dried gonads of squid are also valuable foods; the back bones of the squid (sea bream) can be used as medicine, and have the effect of suppressing acid and astringent to stop bleeding; the ink of squid is still a high-quality painting material.

　　Sea urchins Sea urchins belong to the echinoderms of the echinoderms. There are mainly horse dung sea urchins, light sea urchins, sea urchins and so on. Sea urchin food processing refers to the processing of its gonads. The ovary and testis of sea urchins are processed into sea urchin sauce or sea urchin yellow by chilling or salting, both of which are long-established delicacies. The gonads of sea urchins have high nutritional value, and the amino acid composition of proteins is also comprehensive. Foreign countries, especially Japan, have large demand, and most of the processed products are exported. Sea cucumbers Sea cucumbers belong to the family of the echinoderms. There are mainly sea cucumber, plum ginseng, green sea cucumber, and sacral anal. The wall of the sea cucumber is rich in muscle, rich in protein, and contains many sugars and many minerals necessary for the human body. It is very rich in nutrients. It has the functions of nourishing kidney and nourishing essence, nourishing blood and removing moisture. It is a valuable nourishing food. Sea cucumbers are processed into dried products for sale, and processed seaweed sausages can also be made into preserved products. Sea otters: belonging to the genus of the coelenterate. The jellyfish is tough, rich in nutrients and unique flavor, and has the effect of treating high blood pressure, asthma and inhibiting the development of cancer. The umbrella cover of the jellyfish can be processed into jellyfish skin, and the page-shaped wrist can be processed into jellyfish head, which is a favorite food for consumers. Due to the high water content of sea otters, salt and alum should be used for dehydration and preservation during processing. Turtles: belonging to the vertebrate reptile. The turtles are delicious in meat, high in protein content, and rich in essential nutrients. They are famous tonics and have high medicinal value. In addition to fresh live sales, turtles are also processed into frozen products or turtle powder exports.

　　Aquatic plants Aquatic algae plants are mainly used for the processing of aquatic products. Kelp Kelp is a member of the Algae kelp family of algae. Large-scale farming in the northern coast of China and the southeast coast. Kelp is rich in iodine and other nutrients, edible, medicinal, and can be extracted from industrial raw materials such as alginate and mannitol. The kelp is mostly processed by dry and dry products, and can also be made into various small packaged convenience foods. Seaweed Seaweed belongs to the red algae family of algae. China's Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea and southeast coast are widely cultivated. The main cultured species are round seaweed, altar seaweed, long seaweed and dried seaweed. Seaweed is rich in protein and iodine, phosphorus, calcium and other substances. It is a nutritious seafood and is processed by raw and dried products.